Imagery In Macbeth :: essays research papers

The Role of Imagery in Macbeth     If a picture tells a thousand words, than imagine the importance of an image upon a frivol such as Macbeth. In any literary work, it is extremely important that the author can effectively manipulate a readers feelings towards a character. In Macbeth, that act is accomplished magnificently by Shakespeare. Through his skillful use of imagery, Shakespeare shows us a deeper look into the true character of Macbeth. Though imagery is widespread end-to-end Macbeth, it is most dominant in clothing imagery, light and darkness imagery, and blood imagery. Through these images,Shakespeare shows the development of Macbeths character.Using clothing imagery, Shakespeare develops Macbeths character. This is evident, as, imagery of clothing shows us Macbeths want and the consequences thereof. We see this ambition, through Banquo, when he says, "New honours come upon him, / Like our strange garments, cleave non to their / mould but with the aid of use." (Shakespeare, Macbeth I, III, 144-146), meaning that bran-new clothes do non fit our bodies, until we are accustomed to them. Throughout the entire play, Macbeth is constantly wearing new clothes (titles), that are not his, and do not fit. Hence, his ambition. This ambition, as we see, is what leads to his demise. When Macbeth first hears the prophecy that he will be King, he does not see how it can be so, "to be king / Stands not within the prospect of belief" (I, III, 73-74). However, Macbeths ambitious nature becomes visible when he considers murdering King Duncan to claim the throne, "If it were done, when tis done, then twere well / It were done quickly" (I, VII, 1-2). His ambition is back up by Lady Macbeth, of whom attempts to convince him to commit this crime, and lay claim to the throne. He is reluctant however, as Macbeth states, "I have bought / Golden opinions from all sorts of people, / Which would be weak now in their newest gloss, / Not cast aside so soon" (I, VII, 32-35). Macbeth compares being recently named the Thane of Cawdor to a new set of clothes. He believes that he his not ready to be king, and thus not ready for a new set of clothes. He states that the clothes that they have should be worn for a weensy while longer. However, Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth otherwise, and he proceeds, and murders King Duncan.

Its Time to Legalize Drugs Essay -- Drug Legalization

No one can honestly claim that current American medicine policies have been a success. To the contrary, the current policy of drug prohibition, aside from being ineffective and costly, has created a set of unwanted consequences including a high prison people of non-violent offenders, corruption within law enforcement, health issues, and an erosion of civil liberties . Albert Einstein said, Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results. Yet disrespect the failures of the current policy in deterring drug use that is just what the government is choosing to do. Its time to consider a different address to the drug issue. An approach that will address drug use in an innovative way while solving the problems which drug prohibition has created while also bringing societal, health, and economical benefits but most importantly it will also give back the individual liberties. Its time to consider the legalization of drugs. medicine prohibition has be to be a very costly war. Currently the government spends $47.8 billion a year on prohibition enforcement, according to a 2010 Department of Economics, Harvard University idea by Jeffrey A. Miron. Yet despite the exorbitant amount of money being spent fighting this war on drugs, drugs are still prevalent on our streets. A 2008 a report found the US leads the world in illegal drug use with a whopping 42.4% of Americans admitting to trying illegal drugs at least once. (Warner) In 2009 a the Federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that nearly 21.8 million Americans (equivalent to about 8.7% of the population) employ illegal drugs had used drugs within the last year. (Hananel) Furthermore according to the White House Drug... ... York Times. 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. .Sterling, Eric E. Foreign Policy In Focus Drug Policy Failure at Home. Foreign Policy In Focus Home. 6 Oct. 2005. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. .United States. General Accounting Office. General Government Division. integrity ENFORCEMENT Information on Drug-Related Police Corruption. May 1998. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.Warner, Jennifer. U.S. Leads The World In Illegal Drug Use - CBS watchword. Breaking News Headlines Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. 1 July 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. .Wisotsky, Steven. A Society of Suspects The War on Drugs and Civil Liberties. USA Today Farmingdale July 1993 17-21. SIRS Researcher. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.

The Servant Leader Essay -- Isaiah, Jesus Christ

Leadership What is it that truly distinguishes one as a leader? Is it leaders style or possessing certain skills and abilities to lead? Is it ones character reference or is it ones ability to develop and resolve complex strategies? Are leaders born or argon they made? Warren G. Bennis, an American scholar, Distinguished Professor of Business Administration, and Founding Chairman of The Leadership Institute at the University of Southern California once said The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are born -- that there is a genetic factor to leadership. This myth asserts that people simply either have certain magnetic qualities or not. Thats nonsense in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are made rather than born. (ThinkExist.com, Quotes by Warren G. Bennis on Leadership. http//thinkexist.com/quotes/warren_g._bennis/. Here in America our completed Armed Forces is built on the premise that leaders are made. As well, many of Americas Fortune 500 corporations believ e that leaders are made as evidenced by their annual expenditures on countless resources developing leadership training materials and holding training and development seminars, all in hope of creating the ber leader. Notwithstanding the quest, what the past two years have confirmed for us, as history has repeatedly revealed to us, mans understanding of leadership and gods design of leadership vastly differ. At the heart of mans leadership and at the head of mans leadership is himself and as a result mans leadership ultimately leads to failure. This failure in human leadership is not without consequences and humankind, in her despair and hopelessness, rebels against God.In remove contrast, Gods design for leadership begins and ends wit... ...ity, http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/person-personality.The Greek Bible Study Online Read, Word Study, Translate, Paraklete, http//www.greekbiblestudy.org/gnt/main.do.NOTESBurrell, Dan, Dr. DSMN 605 Class Notes, Lesson 4. Lynchburg, VA Liberty University.(APA Style - Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA Merriam-Webster.Song of Roland. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, 1959.9. Tim Lynch, DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations Review, 1996, online, available from http//www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html, 8 October 1997.B Lynch, Tim. DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations Review. 1996. Online. Available from http//www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/EP/503r.html. 8 October 1997.

My Life :: Essays Papers

My LifeSome people may be writing this essay not so much about themselves, but about the things that they do or the activities they enjoy. Ex. I listen to this band The Obnoxious Yellers, they are so great they yell and scream and its great music, I went to their concert the other solar day too it was so fun we got cotton candy and crown surfed and everything. This is not an essay about the writer, it is about some one else, and somewhere else. I intend on informing whoever is going to read this piece of who I am, why I am, what I am, and what I intend to become.I was born in Brooklyn, NY. I lived in that location for 2 years before moving to Greenwich, CT. Until now I never really thought much of the town, for I never really had a glance of any other aspect of backup. Then through my adolescence, which technically I am still in, I traveled, for vacation and just for plain curiosity. I took the get up to Philadelphia when I was 13 just to see what it was like, and returned later that day with a more enlightened state of mind. I have done the same for umteen towns through the years, and come to appreciate the surrounding that I live in now. It came to me when reading TIME magazine, I came upon an article that in on sentence compared one of the poorest living areas in the U.S., to one of the wealthiest ones. Compton Vs. Greenwich. After just seeing those two words together like that meant something, the writer was viewing Greenwich as top living conditions, and Im here. Weird. I like to go out at night, I like to go to parties, I like to have parties, I do not like a night without a party. This summer I worked on the weekends at 630 in the morning which meant that the normal individual would have to wake up pretty darn early, not me I would just find the party that was going to go on the longest and curb there all night until work. Typical amount of sleep from Friday to Sunday was 4 hours. Thats what I like to do, well at least later I figured out the me aning of life and decided not to hold anything back. Life was meant to be lived, we were not put here to work, or do anything for that matter.

Essay --

Historically, Myasthenia Gravis was discovered by Thomas Willis in 1672. It was not until late 19th century that Wilhelm Erb and Samuel Goldflam exposit the muscle disease due the lack of nervous input. Initially, it was called the Erb-Goldflam syndrome until Friedrich Jolly, a German neurologist coined it as Myasthenia Gravis Pseudoparalytica. He created the Jolly test, which tested for muscle weakness by eliciting faradic stimulations for continuous muscular abbreviateions that caused fatigue (Ropper & Samuels 2009).Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that causes antibodies to destroy the signal transduction in neuromuscular transmission. In an autoimmune disease such as myasthenia Gravis, the immune system cannot differentiate between healthy cells and antigens. The hosts antibodies block the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors resulting in inhibition of the excitatory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It withal degrades the acetylcholine receptors. Nor mally, the antibodies do not attack normal healthy acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic end of the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is released from the vesicles from the presynaptic end into the synaptic cleft where it binds to the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors eliciting an excitatory effect for muscle contraction. erst this action is inhibited, muscle contraction in that cell cannot be elicited. These nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on the motor end plate of the muscle cell. Acetylcholine binding allows a cascade of events to release calcium into the muscle cell. This allows the movement of actin and myosin based on the sliding filament theory to power stroke causing the cell to contract (Ropper & Samuels 2009). Myasthenia Gra... ...l lives.In conclusion, immunosuppressive agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors help in reducing the tokens of Myasthenia Gravis. While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have a short half-life accompanied by different side effects, it is the best solution at this time to alleviate muscle weakness and fatigue. Pyridostigmine is the most commonly used drug with the lowest toxicity amongst these inhibitors because of its particular(a) bioavailability. Immunosuppressive drugs inhibit antibody release reducing the amount of malfunctioning T-cells that attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. While its effects are not immediate with poor absorption, it provides longer periods of symptom relief. The immunological agents are only reduced and not destroyed and thus regenerate to elicit myasthenic symptoms. Further research is necessary to continue the search for a cure.

Essay --

Historically, Myasthenia Gravis was discovered by Thomas Willis in 1672. It was not until late 19th century that Wilhelm Erb and Samuel Goldflam describe the muscle disease due the lack of nervous input. Initially, it was called the Erb-Goldflam syndrome until Friedrich Jolly, a German neurologist coined it as Myasthenia Gravis Pseudoparalytica. He created the Jolly test, which tested for muscle helplessness by eliciting faradic stimulations for continuous muscular annunciationions that caused fatigue (Ropper & Samuels 2009).Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that causes antibodies to destroy the signal transduction in neuromuscular transmission. In an autoimmune disease such(prenominal) as myasthenia Gravis, the immune system cannot differentiate between healthy cells and antigens. The hosts antibodies block the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors resulting in inhibition of the excitatory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It as well degrades the acetylchol ine receptors. Normally, the antibodies do not attack normal healthy acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic end of the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is released from the vesicles from the presynaptic end into the synaptic cleft where it binds to the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors eliciting an excitatory effect for muscle contraction. at a time this action is inhibited, muscle contraction in that cell cannot be elicited. These nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on the motor end plate of the muscle cell. Acetylcholine binding allows a cascade of events to release calcium into the muscle cell. This allows the movement of actin and myosin based on the sliding filament theory to power stroke causing the cell to contract (Ropper & Samuels 2009). Myasthenia Gra... ...l lives.In conclusion, immunosuppressive agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors help in reducing the notes of Myasthenia Gravis. While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have a short half-life acco mpanied by variant side effects, it is the best solution at this time to alleviate muscle weakness and fatigue. Pyridostigmine is the most commonly used drug with the lowest toxicity amongst these inhibitors because of its particular(a) bioavailability. Immunosuppressive drugs inhibit antibody release reducing the amount of malfunctioning T-cells that attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. While its effects are not immediate with poor absorption, it provides longer periods of symptom relief. The immunological agents are only reduced and not destroyed and thus regenerate to elicit myasthenic symptoms. Further research is necessary to continue the search for a cure.

Juan sumulong thesis

On the intent of social relationships, how can some ane be significant to some otherwise individual? Significance is defined as the quality of be important and having nonable worth or influence, (Merriam-Webster Incorporated, 2014). It Is Interaction between different levels of position between evening gown and Informal, the private and the state, the centre and locates, (Valve, 1995). How is significance related to memorial? These two words, though different in meaning go on along together very(prenominal) well for some sensation who is significant allow be written in history.His significance might be positive or negative alone he posted such a huge reach into the development of his locality, he will definitely be written. Jose Racial, Andrea Boniface, Emilio Gondola, Emilio Action, Melcher Aquinas etc. , one can good recognize these names for they have served as the pillars of the liberty we are enjoying right now. These state have touched thousands of lives and c reated such a huge impact not only because of their ad hominemisedities, but on the qualities they have shown that make them a leader on their own localities.To be a piece is one thing, to be a great homo is another. In Antipodal metropolis, one might have taken a bumpy ride on the take for granted Highway, taken stroll at presume park and seen the golden secretary of a man that mistakenly dubbed as Jose Racial by passersby, finished basic command in Juan Assuming Elementary School and acquired secondary education in Assuming Memorial Circle. Assuming. Antipodeans seemed to be very fond of this name. If one will be asked, he would point place the golden statue at the office but more thanover that no one can recognize this great man. Most of them seemed to take him for granted.According to Nick Joaquin, the identity of the Philippine today is of a person asking what his identity is. One may reflect the same on the situation of Antipodal City. On the advent of modernizat ion internet, social sites, virtual world, one can possibly blank out who he is and neglect the heritage of the past best(p)owed upon him. That was the problem the researchers felt the need to address, the researchers believe that history could be the answer. History has compete a major part on the development of a nation. Great leaders are written in history not only to go around what he has done, but to serve as an inspiration to every person.Inspiration is what most of Filipinos needs in these days especially the youth, the hope of this land. The long quest of untested Antipodeans for their identity is over, Juan Assuming y Marquee, the favorite son of Antipodal, a statesman who is always ahead of his time. 1 Objective of the Study In every take out-of-door being conducted there are objectives that need to be satisfied. Researchers main goal upon conducting the get a line is to commemorate such great image of a humans consideration in these multiplication that our count ry is dwelling to problems.Bringing back the nobility and patriotism, take in Juan Assuming expressed during his time to remind the large number that Antipodal has produced one of the best political innovator. The researchers also believe that this could be an eye opener for all public servants on how important their role is in shaping the community and promoting parking lot impregnable. Of the picture, it is how Antipodeans preserve and take care of these inheritance to realize that no matter where they go, Antipodal is always their one and only home and that nothing could take that away from them. Statement of the Problem The following stated problems are what the researchers intended to seek in order to create a fully established study 1 Who is Don Juan Assuming? 1 How is he related to Antipodal City? What are the characteristics that made him a distinguished as a local crampfish of Antipodeans? 1 How did he expressed his deep love for the nation? 2 What makes him noble? 3 W hat makes him charismatic? 3 How lasting his influences are? 1 In the family? 2 On the subject Politics? 4 What were his regions? 1 On the founding of Racial Province? 2 Enduring Legacy? 5 Is the local government doing efforts to commemorate his nobility? . 3 Significance of the Study Generations through generations, cultures being passed on, the faith on the Virgin of Antipodal never dies. Today, Antipodal City is cognize by the best thing it could offer at eight the city lights view, but before all the fascinations the city has been offering, people sometimes forget the real people who first loved and was really prone on making Antipodal to live in. Here are identified lists of the people who will benefit in this study The Filipinos, who are enjoying the benefits of land, this study serves to remind them to exercise their rights habitually.For lots of people who sacrificed their lives to attain what they have right now, one of them is Don Juan Assuming. The National Historica l Commission, being the core historical body of the nation. may this study convince them to exert extensive efforts on preserving the past. And to address to them the felt need to cleanse the dissemination of information of history to each and every Filipino citizen. The Antipodeans, for them to realize that one of their friend statesmen expressed his patriotism to the nation and to Racial Province. And for them to take good care of this inheritance of a perfect symbol for political values.The Local Government of Antipodal City, this study should serve as stimulation for them to formulate programs to arise the people about the significance of Don Juan Assuming and use him as inspiration to honestly serve the city of Antipodal. The to appreciate Antipodal as lots as Don Assuming loved his town and the locals. The Assuming Family, who is synonymous to the culture of excellence, achievement, integrity and service a name trusted and tested of time. This study is to thank them for op ening to the researchers a large chapter in their lives, Don Juan Assuming.May this study further inspire their unending desire to help others. The Juan Assuming Elementary School, an educational institution that has been a potent instrument in having the dreams of thousands of Antipodeans, may this study serve as their inspiration to produce more competitive students for they are carrying out such name of integrity. The Assuming Memorial High School, for the educators of the institution to realize that they are agents of change and may this study guide them to follow the values Don Assuming such as vivid display of nationalism and genuine service of the nation.Don Juan Marquee Assuming, whose story is worth telling, this study is to uncover and explore more of his efforts to sincerely serve the Racial Province and the people. In this way the researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude in being one of the finest public servants who truly served the nation check to his principle and warnings, a true gem of Antipodal City. 4 Scope and Limitation This study entitled Undying Nobility A Narrative compend on the Significance of Don Juan Assuming to Antipodeans, concerns itself about on the contributions of Don Juan Assuming to the development of Antipodal City today.This study is in a memorial style for it only tells and explains his legacy and the effect he has to Antipodeans especially the young minds. First is to know Juan Assuming better a brief overview on who he is, second are his characteristics that make him a significant historical figure of Antipodal City, third is to identify the broad of his influence not only as the brains of opposition but also as a father of his clan, fourth is to recognize all of his contributions not only in the province of Racial but also in the whole nation.This study will no longer tackle about the misconceptions of the young ones and the distinguished strategic solutions on how to properly manoeuvre the Antipo deans about him and how to strengthen the state of heritage tourism of Antipodal City. To gather reliable and concrete information the respondents were chosen carefully, first are the ones who are very close to Don Juan Summons heart, those who had never forgotten him, his family. They are the ones who will never forget what he has done and live up to his ideals and lots.Other than the family, a public servant who is inspired by his ideals and love for the city is asked to be interviewed for additional supporting details and lastly the researchers conducted an interview with a historian who verified the data that have been collected. The setting was set to find accurate and consistent information only at Antipodal City wherein the center of study is concentrated. 2. 0 revaluation of Related Literature 1 Theoretical Framework leadership effectiveness.Researchers analyzed physical and psychological traits, or qualities, such as high level, appearance, aggressiveness, self-reliance , persuasiveness, and dominance on an effort to identify a set of traits that all successful leaders possessed. The researchers see the trait theory as the most effective theory that will guide the study. Trait theory of leadership generally considered the first modern theory of adhering became popular during the second half of the twentieth century and despite intellectual criticism has lived to be popular.The theory states that certain innate traits are common to leaders. Although the identified traits vary the most common are intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability. In 1948, Ralph Melvin stuffily said that in specific set of traits determined who would lead across the variety of different situations. As a result of his studies, he concluded that leadership was not the result of certain traits within the individual lone, but of the relationship between an individual and the social situation in which the individual found him or herself.In 1974, S todgily conducted a second survey. His conclusion was based on a comparison of new studies with his original ones, was more balanced. His first survey implied that situation was the control factor in determining leadership the second one concluded that both traits and situations determined leadership. James M. Souses and Barry Z. Poster made a major contribution to trait theory. In early sasss more than 1500 managers responded to their survey in which they asked, What values do you look for in your superiors? Of the 225 values, characteristics, and attitudes compiled from the answers the top four were being honest, forward looking, inspiring, and competent. They called these being credible. It only shows that in a particular group or locality, an effective leader is needed in order for its growth and progression. 2. 2 Literature brush up An individual becomes noble when it shows great impact to its locality and is significant to its people. Nobility stood for social superiority. I t is a reward for service rendered to the state.It is a quality that the sovereign forefinger imprints upon private errors, so as to raise them and their descendants above the other citizens, (Greenfield, 1992). Nobility was associated with good character, moral worth, magnanimity, and ethical goodness. Nobles thus united to one another and easily recognize by others, (Robinson, 2001). To be noble is to have political power. It is impossible to achieve noble status without first exercising considerable power to get there, (Poster, 2004, p. 110).Significance on the other hand is defined as the quality of being important and interaction between different levels of power between formal and informal, the riveter and the state, the centre and localities, (Vine, 1995). As a baseball legend Jackie Robinson once noted life is not significant except for its impact on other lives, (Maxwell, 2013). The researchers found these two words nobility and significance are intertwined together. As th e gathered various sources of data support that a person who is in a way influential and great is noble and significant.Now, how does history takes place in it? History is shaped through diverse events done by man in the earlier period which have great impacts to present time. History as well plays a vital role in the identity of man. It is the building of personal and collective identity through memory, the social, cultural, and political use and function of narrating the past, and the psychological structures of re fellow membering, repressing, and recalling. Thus, a man is the product of his past. Whoever he is today is the result of the past he has. Filipinos of today are identified and linked to its olden times.It is said that great men in time were written in history. According to Great patch Theory, great man is a single, out-standing individual can emerge in a time of crisis and steer a nation to victory, (Bug, 2011). A great man shows greatness in his own way. Greatness eq uates to a constellation of character traits such as integrity, intelligence and self-confidence, (Bug, 2011). Many great Filipino men were penned in the past. The late Juan Assuming was one of them. He was a self-made man, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).He has done something larger than himself, and stories larger than his life that benefited the later generations. Just a escapist An word written on the Philippine Free Press defined Juan Assuming as a dreamer and an idealist, (Guerdon, 1938). He likes to plan quietly for an ideal state. He led a life dedicated to ideals of democracy, integrity, and selfless public service, Immense-Healer, 2001). Don Juan was considered as a successful seers and prophets, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975). He was a man of foresight, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).He excelled in logical thinking and unbending attitude toward questions which in a way of thinking were crucial in the resolution of the Philippine problem s, (Gecko, 1948). His Statesmans vision made him realize that while the nationalists platform could win the votes of the people as, indeed, it was proved in the election for the gather in 1907 it would nevertheless disastrous to the people if implemented. He was realistic, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975, p. 182). Warrior of Democracy Don Juan is in a way the first and the last Ant.Due of his principles and beliefs he getting independence for the nation, (Guerdon, 1938). He was one of the eminent Filipinos who form the first political party in the Philippines the Federal fellowship, for the purpose of promoting permanent invasion of the Philippines to the United States and its eventual admission as one of the States of the American Union, Gecko, 1948). Assuming came to be known as a supporter of the party. He sincerely believed that a step by step democratic transcription was good for the Filipino people. That, to achieve political independence it must coincide with economic independence as well.He knew it would take some time for the economy to be viable because of the rotation and Filipino-American War, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975). He gave full support in the restoration of peace and order after(prenominal) the Filipino-American war. Yet, the Federal Party found out that there was no favorable response to their appeal from the Filipino people so they pertinacious to dissolve it, (Gecko, 1948). The dissolution of Federal Party gave way to birth of Progression Party or the Partied National Progression, Juan Assuming as the Vice-President, which platform was not immediate independence.Its goal was to achieve Philippine independence by progressive stages. On the other hand, the Nationalists Party of guenon adopted the absolute, complete, and immediate Independence as platform and battle cry (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975). The Progression party was accused of not favoring independence, (Gecko, 1948). The people wante d Juan Assuming to remises immediate independence but he did not say it because he believed it would be a lie if he did. So, the victory was easily won by the Nationalists Party again, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).In 1930 to 1931, Don Juan was in the United States as a member of the Philippine Independence Mission which presented before the U. S Congress the side of the Filipinos on the several bills which were then the forerunners of what was subsequently enacted as the Philippine Independence Act, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975). When the first Philippine Independence Act, known as the Hare-Hawse-Cutting Act was enacted by the U. S Congress, Don Juan made a careful study of its provisions and opposed its acceptance by Filipinos.Due of its provision that even after the Philippines was granted the Independence it deserved, the United States would continue to exercise sovereignty over U. S military bases in the nation. He expressed his opposition in an articl e published in La Vanguard. Other men as well opposed the Hare-Hawse-Cutting Act listed as Guenon, Gondola, Recto and more. They became known as the Ants. Someone, Rosa, and others who were defending and favoring the Act were known as Pros, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).In the election of 1934, Don Juan ran as the candidate of Ants as Senator in the fourth senatorial district. He got the sides of the people and the Ants became the party in power, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975). Shortly after the election the Nationalists and the Democrat merged and created President and Senator Assuming as Vice-President. But the coalition and fusion of Nationalists and Democrat did not last, he went against Guenon when it came-up to him that the fusion of two parties would kill the opposition party necessary to preservation of democracy, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).All through the times of Senator Juan Summons life he was fighting for the democracy of the nat ion until the time he was bed-ridden, Immense-Healer, 2001). Before he got heat attack during the invasion of Japanese in the Philippines, he said that it was not right for the Filipino leaders to agree to any agreement as long as there were Filipinos fighting and dying in Bataan against Japanese occupation. He died loyal to his country, devoted to the cause of democracy, and seeking to always do what is right for his people, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975).He showed his love by making a tan and fighting for his own nation and his fellow Filipino. Filipinos Filipinos means love of the country. It is an appreciation of everything that is beautiful in our land. It is a feeling of oneness and togetherness with all our people irrespective of status, religion, or social position, (S. C, 1996, p. 74). In 1896, when the Philippine revolution against the Spain erupted Juan Assuming who was in his first year at the University of Stop.Atoms stopped his studies and joined and served as secretary of the revolutionary forces of Austin Nativity in Mormon Headquarters, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975, p. 73), Immense- Healer, 2001). During the Filipino-American war, Assuming was persuaded to support the American policy of pacification due to the possibility of blood-spattered and prolonged war that might convey more sufferings to the Filipinos, Immense-Healer, 2001). Throughout the times the Philippines was given the chance by the U. S congress to draft its own constitution, Assuming rejected the Joint Resolution No. Which received tremendous criticisms from the members of Assembly that revealed not only legalistic mind concerned with proper form but as well as nationalistic bent. This exposed his unstated belief that the Filipinos coveted no less than independence, Immense-Healer, 2001, p. 54). It was for the good of people that he continueed in the opposition, (Association, Philippine Historical, 1975, p. 182). Politician Don Juan involved himself in politics in 1901. He presents a unique profile off Filipino Politician, Immense-Healer, 2001, p. 170).Senator Juan Summons political success and immortality did not lie in having taken high positions in the government Assuming provided the Filipinos with a model for a new brand of politics. He believed that politics was not solely the pursuit of political power. Rather, it was a way by which the people could be informed and educated about the issues that mattered in their lives, Immense-Healer, 2001, p. 170). Serving the Filipino people and not winning was the primary goal of Juan Assuming when he ran for elections, Immense-Healer, 2001).Distinguished work force of Time Aside from Don Juan Assuming there were as well prominent Filipino men who fought and sacrificed their lives for the comfort and freedom the present generation is enjoying. hands who coincidentally, shared same principles, beliefs, love for the nation and fellowmen, and warriors of democracy, showed Filipinos, and as well Laotians. Evil B. Xavier The Impossible Dreamer (1942-1946) If you tilt at windmills, you either get flung to the mud or rare tossed right up to the stars Evolve Xavier.The Impossible Dreamer as known to his colleagues and friends was born October 31, 1942 in upland town of Hamlin, Antique. He studied at Atone University and became a member of LAB Party. He was a friend to Benign Ninny Aquinas and they shared the same political dream for democracy to pomp once again in the Philippines. He decided to run for Constitutional Convention when he realized that he had to e part of the political system in order to effect change, although he lost, the following year he ran for governor of Antique and became one of the youngest governors in the said province.In his campaign letter, he declared that he was running because he wanted to restore to people, especially children, the ability to dream. The children of his time adored him and were attracted to his idealism and charisma. His organization was his people and his bailiwick was the faith he induced in them. He pushed for people- centered, resource-based development long before the political structures and attitudes became ready for it. He worked under the constraints of Martial Law as a member of the opposition.In 1980, Nora recalled that when his brother Beaver) stepped down and asked what he will do after doing so, said l will continue to be a dreamer, I will continue to tilt against the windmill. Xavier decided he could no longer serve under a regime whose laws and principles were in conflict with his morals. His family and lived in peace and ease. It was the character assassination of his colleague, Ninny that Jolted Xavier out of Contentment and brought him back to Philippines. He said he has a role to play as a freeman not someone bound by Martial Law.Indeed in 1984, two years before his death, he ran for Antiques lone Assemblyman Seat in Batsman Bananas. On May 13, the eve of the elections, seven of Savers campaign workers were crossing the Panning Bridge when they were ambushed from all sides by armed men. On the day of declaration of election winner, returns showed Xavier leading, until the returns from San Regimes, suspiciously wrapped in cement paper showed otherwise. Predictability, Pacification, Marcos ally, announced the winner. Xavier cried electoral fraud and filed a case but was dismissed by the Commission on Elections.So, he brought the protest to compulsive Court but again buried until 1986. There were times Xavier would lose hope, when he feared that Antique would never be free of its warlord politics and that the Philippines would always remain chaotic. But hope came when Marcos announced the holding of snap election. Carbon Aquinas declared her candidacy for president after supporters gathered one million signatures. Xavier decided to become Aquinas campaign manager in Antique. It was a decision that would cost him his life. On February 1 1, Xavier spent his mo rning at the Provincial Capitol, monitor the invasion of election returns.When at 1045 a. M. He was killed by six hooded men wielding 16 riffles. More than 50,000 Antiques wanted to see and mourn for him. It took 21 hours and 200 kilometers through 12 towns for his body to arrive at San Jose where he was buried on February 20. Two days after he was buried, the DEEDS mint Power Revolution began, (Balloon, 2006). Lorenz M. Tanana Aka-Tanana Nationalist at Heart and in Deed To him everything that was inimical to the interest of the Philippines and of the Filipino people was to be rejected. And everything that promoted the good of the neutron and people was to be embraced Tees Duenna Lorenz M.Tanana commonly known as Aka-Tawny was born on August 10, 1898 in Sumac, Tablas (now Guenon). He was an activist. His first taste of activism happened when he was in fifth grade at Donation Elementary School. He was a crusader by nature. All ideals he embraced though many and diverse came under o ne roof Nationalism. It was his personal trademark, a lifelong battle he fought with his body, mind, heart, and soul. Soon he became synonymous with the concept of Nationalism. As a senator, he was not only a graphic lawmaker but also a public servant who

Iranian Literary Arts Festival Essay

Cultural Festivals are usually done to celebrate traditions and cultures of certain places in order to preserve and economise its significance. The festival I visited was the Iranian Literary Arts Festival at Project Artaud Theatre in San Francisco, California at 450 Florida Street last November 17, 2007 produced by the Translation Project. It is a commemoration of Iranian literary crafts, which includes activities such as film screenings and art exhibits.However, the highlight of the event is the world premiere of Icarus/Rise, a head for the hills about the myth of Icarus written by Niloufar Talebi. Also, other Iranian films were shown almost everyday in theaters. With this celebration, it shows that the Iraqis like literature, especially poetry and film and they give splendour to it thru the activities conducted in this festival.The contemporary issue here for the Iraqis is that they value the fruits of the Persian culture that is shown in the Iraqi movies screened during the f estival that likewise featured literary panel discussions, art auctions and gala dinner. This experience was a surprise for me regarding their culture. I heard a lot about Iraq before, and they were all about wars, suicide bombings and brutality, and so with this festival, I cave in seen a different side of their country. Now I know that their culture is rich in literary arts and that they value it.I also established that the literary treasures of a country say a lot about their culture and their history. Though I wasnt able to watch all of the movies, I have felt the value they gave to such treasures. With this experience, I conclude that cultural festivals play a significant role in the present day by preserving and reliving the culture of a region, and it also helps the residents get to know their forefathers since it says a lot about the way of living of the people in the past.I also realized that every person should know the value of this festivities, and participate in ever y cultural festivals they can go to because its like a time gondola that they can go back to the past and relive the good old days of their community. Reference Iranian Literary Arts Festival. November 18, 2007. Retrieved from http//www. sfgate. com/listings/event. php? events,e263149 The Translation Project. November 18, 2007. Retrieved from http//thetranslationproject. org/

Marketing Visual Merchandising Essay

How optic selling helps improving sales and its effects on sell?ABSTRACToptical marketplaceing is the way or art of breaking goods and accessions in a manner that is appealing to the eyes of the customer. It sets the context of the mathematical product in an aesthetic altogethery pleasing fashion, presenting them in a way that would attract the attention and convert the window shoppers into prospects and ultimately buyers of the harvest-tide.A creative and talented retailer can use up optic merchandising to breathe in new life into his computer memory products. Passion for design and creativity ar essential and the key to be a good visual merchandiser. A perfect design process and the ability to create ideas that ar different are required. Awareness of happenings in fashion knowledge base is needed so as to keep up-to-date with the dynamics of the market constantly to ensure whatever merchandise displayed return a good restoration to attract shoppers.Keyword visu al merchandising, window displays, signs, interior displays, cosmetic promotions.1. Introduction ocular Merchandising has been gaining more(prenominal) importance and attention from retailer of late as disclose of the emerging marketing industry. Research shows most of the people who went to shopping centre did not have an idea of what to buy or which shop to go, most of them start attracted by the display inside or outside the retailer. Seventy percent of consumers in- interpose gets are unplanned, which means they came to the hive away to buy something else, says Greg Smith, director of communications for the Chicago-based Point Of buy Advertising Institute (POPAI). The main goal of display is to showcase the products within the overall display area to attract customers to give in three to five-spot seconds of their attention to the window displayThe retailer visual message should be conveyed to the customer in that short period of time. It should not be like an goalless T V advertisement, where the product is forgotten altogether and only the concept of the commercial remains in the mind of the viewer.The arrangement of window display should go with the product and should not suppress them to make it discernible to the eye. According to Dolan and Thomas G (2012), Its important to realize that no matter how much advertising you do on a particular product or brand, most shoppers can be swayed by the in-store display. It is why nowadays it had become a popular disregard among retailer to apply visual merchandising in their stores and retailer outlet.2. Consumer Emotion and Affective ResponseEmotion is the core factors in affective perspective. It affects an individuals luminal and subconscious level, and serves as the internal motivator that attracts us to the things that makes us feel good or positively associate with our minds (Williamson, 2002). Individuals tend to focus on information selectively, which is consistent with ones mood state and later, recall the information that is mood-consistent (Mattila and Wirtz, 2000). Mood-based evaluations are common in individual judgment of products or work (Schwarz, 1997). Russell and Geraldine (1980) assumed that affect is an individuals internal state comprising of both pleasure and arousal.3. Visual Merchandising and ConsumptionVisual merchandising enhances the attractiveness of a store and its perceived image from the viewpoint of customers. A positive mood serves as a contextual cue for evaluating the perceived tonus, image of a product and store, and purchase intention (Bakamitsos, 2000). The impact of a pleasant store atmosphere is also positively related to customer satisfaction (Spies et al., 1997). Atmospheric stimuli which please the developed and emotional needs of consumers enhance the degree of consumer participation in a store, giveing to favourable purchasing behaviours (Wright et al., 2006).In general, the store exterior and interior are the two major areas covered in Visual Merchandising and a variety of components (colour combination, product placement, lighting arrangement, layout and highlight design, mannequin and props selection, fixtures and fittings selection) are knotted in creating a favourable shopping atmosphere. For instance, Babin et al. (2003) put in that the combination of colours and lighting plays a critical billet in influencing the purchase intention of consumers and store patronage.Intangible store elements, such as sprayed fragrance, can stimulate ones affective state and help boost mental imagination (Fiore et al., 2000). Chebat et al. (2001) found that appropriate music can affect the cognitive activity of consumers. A positive imagery also helps in associating a better cognitive put through between consumers and products, and intensifying purchase intentions (Macinnis and Price, 1987). However, consumers responses can be affected by cultural difference.Chan and Tai (2001) found that Chinese Hong Kong people rely on finale values (e.g. practical realism) to evaluate store displays and less susceptible to surroundal cues than American consumers. Also, Chinese cultural values had a direct relationship with store atmosphere evaluation in apparel consumption (Fok and Chong, 1996). For Vietnamese consumers, hedonic shopping motivations were directly related to store atmosphere evaluation in supermarkets (Nguyen et al., 2007). For Korean consumers, different cultural expectations were found in store environment expectations in discount stores (Park, 2005). Therefore, cultural difference is important to influence store atmosphere evaluation.4. Visual merchandising and SalesToday, customer walks through any mall or large stand-alone store where they moves through a continuos themes promotional mix of visual merchandising. The visual campaign starts with the outside window and continues through the use of end-aisle displays, layout, fixtures, and signage, continuing to the point of purchase displays w here one final push is made ( Bell and Ternus, 2002). at one time considered making the store pretty, visual merchandising has become its own department in larger stores. The visual merchandising process promotes sales without the need for a sales associate ( Bell and Ternus, 2002).Research confirms the importance of visual merchandising (Janiszewski, 1998 Mckinly, 2003) it has been found effective in increasing sales (Edwards and Shackley, 1992) and imperative in enchancing store image. Visual merchandising that can be effective include exterior displays, window displays (Edward and Shackley, 1992 Gubernick, 1986), in-store display as well as the separate display components of signage ( Edward and Shackley, 1992) and lighting. given the possilities of visual marketing, one might expect that all retailers would use it. For some(prenominal) small business owners, however, the need to create visual displays is just one more task (Yu and Muske, 2003). Successful visual merchandising and brand deliin truth is all about understanding and satisfying customer needs. So the more that a federation understands its consumers, brand and competitors, the better it can define and refine its own visual merchandising practice to deliver better solutions instore to improve the customer experience (Mckeever, 2007).5. carnal In-store EnvironmentIt has frequently been suggested that good interior design within a store can maintain customer interest, encourage customers to lower their psychological defences and make a purchase (Kotler, 1974). In examining this potential, the physical in-store environment has been examined in relation to various elements, for example, orienting factors, signage (Bitner, 1992) spatial factors (Bitner, 1992) and ambient conditions (Bitner, 1992), which Kotler (1974) termed atmospherics. These elements are in many ways redolent of the facets of merchandise display identified above.This high degree of congruence between merchandise display facets a nd the elements identified when concerning the physicality of the in-store environment would protrude to add further weight to the use of such borrowed approaches in this research. The work regarding the physicality of the in-store environment focuses on the communication of elements through cues and stimuli that the customer digests through a number of sensory modalities (visual, aural, olfactory, haptic and taste). Within the research on in-store environments it has been suggested that some people are better at digesting environmental stimuli than others (Bitner, 1992).Given that up to 90 per cent of the cues provided by an environment are digested through sight (Edwards and Shackley, 1992) it follows that many environmental cues in the retail context are visually communicated. The twin move of visual communication and legibility highlighted in the environmental literature echo the sentiments raised in the definition of visual merchandising above. This then further strengthens t he link up between the visual merchandising and considerations of the physicality of the in-store environment. Therefore, from either perspective, understanding how to communicate product and brand images to customers through individual visual stimuli is vital.6. Aims of Visual MerchandisingThey are several aim of the usage of visual merchandising. Successful way of using visual merchandising will be able to send out quality message to potential and prospective customer and also enticing them to buy from the store(Kerfoot et al., 2003). Visual merchandising not only function as a abidance of space, layout and consumer flow, but visual merchandising itself is also a powerful communication and experience enhancer for the customer(Kotler, 1974).* Generate ExperienceExperience generation pertains to stimulation and counselling of the entire domain of the consumers senses and managing sensuality so as well as to be congruent with the consumers desires Visual merchandising able to get out the visual senses whereby affect experience generation in retailing.* Maximize Sales solventive visual merchandising helps in increasing sales through facilitation of consumer try and exposing the best of merchandise to the consumer .* Strengthen the BrandVisual merchandising can add brand strength to the retail store brand where the experience occurs if beingness properly managed. For example, Apple store who use visual merchandising have been a successful icon in the technology market and been known for their merchandise being visualized in their store.* Help Expansion of Product Categories Through Optimizing Display Effective visual merchandising also packs more through best display of merchandise. Thereby devouring empty spaces in the retailer where it is not necessary, making it feasible to display larger number of products and product categories, enhancing higher broad(a) spending and hence contributes to the profits of the retailer.7. DiccusionVisual Merchandising wa s conceptualised in the western countries around the 60s. The basic tenet was to differentiate the brand in question, build haptic attributes at the point-of-sale which will reinforce the product attributes (directly or subtly) & act as a call for action, for the favourably disposed customer to appertain & feel the brand experience.By the 90s visual merchandising had scaled the status of art & spilled on to a scientific territory. Organised retail contributed a commode to this development, as they were open to experimenting and it was an adding to the consumer purchasing experience. Visual merchandising is the art and science of retailing. Its the thoughtful design of the store. Its the aisle layouts, product adjacencies and the product sets themselves. Visual merchandising understands the target customers needs/desires and delivering an environment that encourages spending and increases purchases.Visual Merchandising aids customers buying decisions by placing the product where c ustomers expect to picture it. VM provides information about the product where it can easily be seen. Seeing, Smelling, Tasting, Feeling, Selling and Merchandising is all tied together. Often time, about a 250% sales increase when retailer offer a try before you buy type sales process and in this condition where visual merchandising had fulfilled all the condition. In this case, visual merchandising definitely has an impact on sales and helping increasing the fortunes of retailer.8. ConclusionThis research investigates how visual merchandising plays an important role in upgrading the fortunes and sales of retailer and the relationship of it between visual merchandising and retailer. It is found that attention should be paid to the overall store displays which include in-store and out-store display to attract consumer and products should be displayed at area which could easily catch up potential and prospective consumer view. Visual merchandising is known as a very common strategies that be used in the trend nowadays as research shows that more than 70% of people who went to a mall havent decided what they want to buy so it is important how visual merchandising play a role in luring potential buyer to the retailer.Visual Merchandising is everything that customers sees, both interior and exterior, that creates a positive image of the business and results in attention, interest, desire and action on part of the customer. Creative and great visual merchandising attracts attention, creates interest and invites customer to the store, directly gives impact on the sales of the whole retailer. So it is important how a retailer present the interior and exterior of the store. Furthermore, a good display is also act as a silent salesperson.When salespeople are busy with other consumer or the shop is closed, a strong window display showcases spoke to the consumer itself. Visual merchandising should complement and enhance the image of your store. Combined with good lightni ng, strong signage and professional fixtures, visual merchandising generates excitement and of course, lead to an increasing in sales. Therefore, visual merchandising is definitely a major determinant for a customer to enter a store to spend as a consumer.REFERENCES1 Babin, B., Hardesty, D. and Suter, T. (2003), Color and shopping intentions the intervening effect of price fairness and perceived effect, ledger of Business Research, 56(7), 541-512 Bakamitsos, G.A. (2000), Mood effects on product evaluations when and how does mood makes a difference, doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL. 3 Bell.J., and Ternus, K. (2002). Silent selling Best practices and effective strategies in visual merchandising (2nd ed.), New York Fairchild Publications.4 Bellizzi, J.A. and Hite, R.E. (1992), Environmental color, consumer feelings and purchase likehood, Psychology and Marketing, 9(5), 347-63.5 Bitner, M.J. (1992), Servicescapes the impact of physical surroundin gs on customers and employees, daybook of Marketing, 56(2), 57-71.6 Chan, Y.K. and Tai, S. (2001), How do in-store environmental cues influence Chinese shoppers? A study of hypermarket customers in Hong Kong, daybook of transnational Consumer Marketing, 13(4), 73-103.7 Chebat, J.C., Chebat, C.G. and Vaillant, D. (2001), Environmental background music and in-store selling, journal of Business Research, 54, 11-123.8 Edwards, S., and Shackley, M. (1992). Measuring the effectiveness of retail window display as and element of marketing. International Jornal of Advertising, 11(3), 193-203.9 Fiore, A.M., Yah, X. and Yoh, E. (2000), Effect of a product display and environmental fragrancing on approach responses and pleasurable experiences, Psychology and Marketing, 17(1), 27-54.10 Fok, V.S. and Chong, V.K. (1996), Chinese cultural values and segmentation of youth apparel market a Hong Kong experience, Management Research News, 10(9), 55-69.11 Gubernick, L. (1986, August 11). Through a gl ass, brightly. Forbes, 139(3), 9812 Janiszewski, C. (1998). The influence of display characteristics on visual exploratory search behaviours. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), 290-301.13 Kerfoot, S., Davis, B. and Ward, P. (2003), Visual merchandising and the creation of discernible retail brands, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 31(2), 143-5214 Kotler, P. (1974), Atmospherics as a marketing tool, Journal of Retailing, 49(4), 48-64.15 Macinnis, D.J. and Price, L.L. (1987), The role of imagery in information processing review and extensions, Journal of Consumer Research, (13), 473-91.16 Mattila, A. and Wirtz, J. (2000), The role of preconsumption affect in postpurchase evaluation of services, Psychology and Marketing, 17 (7), 587-605.17 Mckeever, R. (2007). How visual merchandising can improve retail fortunes. www.Utalkmarketing.com18 McKinley, R. (2003). For great visual messages, know the store. Marketing, 37(13), 14.19 Nguyen, T.T.M., Nguyen, T.D. an d Barrett, N.J. (2007), Hedonic shopping motivations, supermarket attributes, and shopper loyalty in transitional markets evidence from Vietnam, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing, 19(3), 227-39.20 Park, C. (2005), Complaints of Asian shoppers toward global retailer a content analysis of e-complaining to Carrefour Korea, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 17(3), 25-39.21 Russell, J.A. and Geraldine, P. (1980), A description of the affective quality attributed to environment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 311-22. 22 Schwarz, N. (1997), Moods and attitude judgment a comment on Fishbein and Middlestadt, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6, 93-8.23 Spies, K., Hesse, F. and Loesch, K. (1997), Store atmosphere, mood and purchasing behavior, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(1), 1-17. 24 Williamson, M. (2002), Emotions, reason and behavior a search for the truth, Journal of Consumer Behavior, 2(2), 196-202.25 Wright, L.T., Newman, A. and D ennis, C. (2006), Enhancing consumer empowerment, European Journal of Marketing, 40(9/10), 925-35.26 Yu,H., and Muske, G. (2003). Small retailer and the use of the web. multiple sclerosis submitted for publication.

Examining The Implications Of Process

Modern finis- do carry system (DAMS) engineering science is often excessively needed for complex dreary, with late interrogation calling for more integrative DAMS progressiones. However, scholars scat to take dis structured overturees and disagree on whether rational or political close-making abutes result in more powerful termination outcomes. In this study, the authors examine these issues by eldest exploring rough of the competing theoretical arguments for the process- filling- potentiality relationship, and then test these relationships empirically using information from a crisis answer reading exercise using an brainy agent-based DAMS.In contrast to previous search, findings indicate that rational decision processes are not numberive in risks contexts, and that political decision processes may negatively influence both receipt picking and decision potency. These results offer empirical evidence to confirm prior un alimentationed arguments that reaction cream is an important mediating factor mingled with the decision-making process and its forte. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings and the application of agent-based pretence DAMS technologies for academic research and practice.Keywords Agent Software, Agent Technology, finale Support Systems (ADS), Distri merelyed Decision Making Systems, Knowledge Management, surety Management, Strategic homework Introduction Strategic decision-making (SAD) involves the methods and practices organizations use to interpret opportunities and threats in the environment and then make response decisions (Shirtwaists & Grant, 1985). Modern decommissioning support system (DAMS) technology is DOI 1 0. 4018/just. 0100701 01 often similarly needed for complex SAD, with recent research calling for more integrative DAMS approaches (Moral, Foregone, Cervantes, Carried, Guppy, & Agleam, 2005 Phillips-Wren, Moral, Foregoing, & Guppy, 2009). Such DAMS technologies o ffer the type of gamy and powerful research technology littorals with a high degree of external and internal validity as swellhead as reliability required for integrated decision support (Moral et al. , 2005 Ill, Duffy, Whit- secure 0 2010, GIG Global. copy or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of GIG Global is prohibited. International ledger Of Decision Support System Technology, 2(3), 1-15, July-September 2010 field, Bayle, & McKenna, 2009 Linebacker, De Spain, McDonald, Spencer, & Clottier, 2009 Mustachios & Susann, 2009 Phillips-Wren et 2009). Conditions of uncertainty in highly profuse environments (e. G. , crisis espouse), by nature, further complicate the SAD process, and may limit decision making effectiveness (Ramirez-Marquee & Afar, 2009). At issue is the presumed need for speed of response where logic dictates that a satisfactory decision that is made quickly is superior to an optimal decision made too late.Two of the most commonly accepted, and widely employed decision making processes in these contexts are political behavior and procedural rationality (Frederickson & Mitchell, 1984 Hart, 1 992 Eisenhower & Kickback, 1992 dean & Sherman, 1993 Hart & Binary, 1994 Reader, 2000 Hough & White, 2003 Elba & Child, 2007). ROR research upholds that political processes will be more effective in these contexts, and that rational decision processes will be less effective in unsettled environments (Frederickson & Mitchell, 1984).Subsequent research carryed the effectiveness Of processes in high velocity environments and advocated that rational decision-making processes will allow for faster response and will be more effective than political decision-making processes in these contexts (Bourgeois & Eisenhower, 1 988 Eisenhower, 1989). Hart (1992) later expanded on these arguments to develop a framework for session-making processes involving a shape of forms stemming from political or rational bases, and also argued t hat rational approaches should relate positively to effectiveness, while more political approaches should not.Collectively, the books on the effectiveness of these SAD processes across a variety of settings is in conflict as some studies suggest that rational decision-making processes will be positively cogitate to effectiveness (Bourgeois & Eisenhower, 1988 Eisenhower, 1989 Hart, 1992) and political decision-making processes will not be effective (Hart, 1 992), while Others advocate for political decision- aging processes and against rational decision-making processes (Frederickson & Mitchell, 1984).Given this conflict, and the fact that these differences are largely unresolved empirically, one contribution of this study is that we examine the effectiveness implications of political and rational SAD processes. Through doing so, we offer some clarification and resolution of the contrary predictions and findings of Frederickson and Mitchell (1984), Bourgeois and Eisenhower (1988), and Hart (1992). Further, while the inclusion off mediating aim for response choice is well theorized, it is also largely untested empirically in prior work.Therefore a further contribution of this study is that we also seek to take into account this mediating role of choice on decision effectiveness. In this study we address several specific research questions 1) Does wavering in the decision-making process result in variate in response choice 2) Does variation in response choice result in variation in decision effectiveness and 3) Can we also trace the effectiveness of different SAD processes as mediated through particular response choices?Since trouble can influence the SAD processes, question cardinal is likely to be of more interest than question woo. However, if we only look at the direct relationship between SAD processes and effectiveness (I. E. , dean & Sherman, 1996), we capability be attributing differences in effectiveness to process variation when these variatio ns did not actually influence choices. Thus, we need to adequately discern which SAD processes are more effective in these situations and produce the most effective outcomes.Addressing these questions helps to clarify the integrated influences of process and choice on strategic decision-making effectiveness. This paper proceeds as follows 1) We review related research on SAD, and leverage prior theory to develop hypotheses for an integrated process-choice-effectiveness SAD pretense 2) We examine the archetype and hypotheses through empirical compend of data from a crisis response training exercise using an agent-based simulation decision support system technology 3) We present and discuss the results Of our analyses in relation to the clay sculpture and hypotheses Copyright 0 201 0, GIG Global.Copying or distributing in print or electronic September 2010 3 and 4) We conclude with a discussion of our findings along with implications for practitioners and next academic research. Theory victimisation Prior work by Dean and Sherman (1993, 1 996) offers an integrated decision-making pattern, for framing this study of SAD process-cooperativenesss. Their work examines the assumptions underlying the relationship between decision- making processes, response choices, and SAD effectiveness.The illustration proposes that variation in decision-making process (political or rational) will produce different response choices, which result in variation in SAD effectiveness. However, empirical testing of their model is limited to the relationship between political and rational decision-making processes and variation in effectiveness alone, excluding the average response choice arable.As the potential mediating implications of the response choice median(a) variable are thereby unexamined, we extend and examine Dean and Chairmans (1996) model to clarify the conflicting arguments in the prior SAD literature. We do this through examining the full model with the inclusion o f the mediating relationship of response choice through our application to an extreme decision-making context (crisis response).Our approach is as follows 1) We extend Dean and Chairmans (1996) strategic decision-making relationship and effectiveness model of variation in process, response choice, and effectiveness by expanding heir effectiveness model to accept the potential mediating effects of intermediate choices and 2) We then examine the competing arguments for process effectiveness in this context from Frederickson and Mitchell (1984), Bourgeois and Eisenhower (1 988), and Hart (1992). In Dean and Chairmans (1996) model variation in the strategic decision-making process (e. . , Political or Rational approaches) produce variation in response choice, resulting in variation in effectiveness. The effectiveness outcomes therefore wait on the following 1) The strategic decision-making process utilized, and 2) The response strategy choices implemented. In order to clarify the conf licting dominant arguments in the literature for process effectiveness under uncertainty, as well as test the theorized mediating role of choice, we develop several base-line hypotheses to be roughly consistent with the previous literature.Replicating Dean and Chairmans (1996) model supposal 1 chromosomal mutation In strategic decommissioning process will be related to variation in effectiveness. Examining the sub elements of the implied Dean and Sherman (1996) model Hypothesis 2 Variation in strategic decommissioning process will be related to variation in response choice. Hypothesis 3 Variation in response choice will be related to variation in effectiveness.To examine the full model as proposed by Dean and Sherman (1996), which proposes a mediating relationship but only examines the direct relationship, we distinguish between the direct effect of SAD process on effectiveness (HI) and a mediating relationship acting through response choice. Whereas, Dean and Chairmans (1996) o riginal model has choice as endogenous to the strategic decision-making and effectiveness relationship, we model response choice as an intermediate step and consider this as an expansion of the strategy decision-making and effectiveness relationship.We therefore derive hypothesis 4 to examine whether response choice has both a mediating and direct effect Examining the full Dean and Sherman (1996) model Hypothesis 4 Variation in strategic decommissioning process and variation in response choice will be related to variation in effectiveness. Copyright C 2010, GIG Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic 4 International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, 2(3), 1-15, To examine the conflict in the literature regarding the inconsistency among the Frederickson and Mitchell (1984) andBourgeois and Eisenhower (1988) propositions for uncertain and high velocity environments, as well as the Hart (1992) propositions for effectiveness by type of decision-making process , we develop hypotheses AAA and b Hypothesis AAA In highly degraded environments, Rational decision-making processes should be positively related to effectiveness, while Political decommissioning processes should not have a positive relationship with effectiveness (Bourgeois & Eisenhower, 1 988 Hart, 1992).Hypothesis b In highly turbulent environments, Rational decision-making processes should be negatively related to effectiveness, while Political consummating processes should have a positive relationship with effectiveness (Frederickson & Mitchell, 1984). Analytical considerations Study context Crisis events (I. E. , inseparable disasters, terrorism, etc. ) are environments characterized by varying levels of uplift and ambiguity (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004).While government organizations differ from those in the private sector, research in the management field on SAD may be applicable to government organizations dealing with crisis events. For example, the c ore task of organizations is the creation and/or maintenance of a jeer between the organizations internal strengths and capabilities and the demands placed on them by their environments.Government organizations must also draw upon unique resources and capabilities across various departments and levels of government to reply to challenges in their environments. Similarly, the levels of turbulence and ambiguity present in a government agency operating environment may also be direct contributors to the difficulties innate to SAD in these contexts. The nature of the environmental pressure, turbidity, and outcome implications make this a unique and challenging operating environment.Prior related work on this root word from other fields includes the development of mother country defense strategy for the White House (KUDUS, 2004), the modeling of disease outbreaks (Ravager & Longing, 1985 Kurd & Hare, 2001 Kaplan, craft, & win, 2002, 2003 Bank, Gull, Kumar, Marathon, Cravings, Tutoria l, & Wang, 2004 Craft, Win, & Wilkins, 2005). Further uses have included numerous academic, government, and practitioner publications on epidemiological, terrorism response, and homeland security and defense strategies (Deutsche, 1 963 Hoffman, 1981 Hugh & Selves, 2002 Ramirez-Marquee & Afar, 2009).Sample data We test our model and hypotheses using data collected from a multi-step approach consisting of an audition (a U. S. Department of Homeland Security training exercise called Measured Response (MR.)) in conjunction with an searching agent-based simulation. We use this data to examine the extended Dean and Sherman (1996) model and the associated hypotheses for variation in SAD process, choice, and effectiveness. We use a computational experimentation methodological approach to do this.This approach consists of two steps 1) employ a validated refresh instrument to collect data on strategy process and choice from a lab experiment with actual practitioners sort out into several response teams and 2) An intelligent agent-based simulation utilized in the exercise to produce data on the effectiveness of the groups SAD processes and response choices. We test our model and its hypotheses through empirical analysis of a sub sample of 268 combined observations from the survey and simulation data collected from the exercise. Better 2010 5 Measured Response Exercise. The MR. Homeland Security training exercise consisted of nine teams of gay agents comprised of three to five individuals each (representing their actual functional responsibilities in most asses) to play the roles of the Departments of Homeland Security (DISH), Health and homo Services (DISH), and Transportation (EDT) at the local, state, and federal levels.These human agents operated In a Joint Operations Center environment where they were able to execute a variety of decisions and respond interactively to changes in the faux environment the rough the exercise. Simulation Model. The Measured Respo nse training exercise utilizes a synthetic environment as the decision support system technology for the exercise. This system uses a dynamic virtual computer simulation environment to simulate the outbreak ND dispersion of a biological agent on a mid-sized city in the United States.This outbreak affects tens of thousands of computer-based intelligent agents. These agents approximate the diversity of behavioral characteristics and demographics of the actual modeled race for the city. Additionally, we utilized pathogen-specific data from the Centers for sickness Control (CDC) in the simulation model to ensure the attack takes place in a realistic manner on the virtual population of intelligent agents. Further, the organizational aspects of the simulation model incorporate data from actual DISH and CDC response plans.The simulated scenario therefore replicates the actual characteristics Of a real-world attack in which the decommissioning process and response strategy choice can sign ificantly affect outcomes in terms of infection rate, contagion spread, population finis rate, and public mood. Given these factors, these types of decision support system technologies offer a rich and dynamic simulation environment, which largely alleviates the common concerns previously associated with using simplistic homegrown or off-the-shelf simulation tools in academic research (Linebacker et al. 2009 Mustachios & Susann, 2009). Specifically, our training exercise utilizes thousands of different participant decisions on a variety of teams, at multiple levels, which affect thousands of computerized agents who respond dynamically to the collective participant inputs, as well as each Agnes response behavior to the inputs (See Structured, Meta, & ornerier, 2005 Harrison, Line, Carroll, & Carrey, 2007 for more detail on simulation modeling).Additionally, conflicting criteria prevent exercise participants from gaming the system and drive the multiple measures of effectiveness. Thu s these types of decision support system technologies offer the type of rich and powerful research technology littorals with a high degree Of external and internal validity as well as reliability required for integrated decision support (Lie et al. , 2009 Linebacker et al. , 2009 Mustachios & Susann, 2009). Measures Dependent variables. The dependent variable in our study consists of an integrated composite measure for decision effectiveness.This approach is consistent with recent research advocating integrated process and outcome measures for decision-making support system evaluation (Moral et al. , 2005 Phillips-Wren et al. , 2009). While the decision objective is to contain or control the outbreak and defame totalities, the need to maintain acceptable levels of public mood complicates this objective. Therefore the decision makers must consider the outcome of their decisions choices in terms of containing the outbreak and impact on public mood.Examining The Implications Of Proces sTherefore a further contribution of this study is that we also seek to take into account this mediating role of choice on decision effectiveness. In this study we address several specific research questions 1) Does variation in the decision-making process result in variation in response choice 2) Does variation in response choice result in variation in decision effectiveness and 3) Can we also trace he effectiveness of different SAD processes as mediated through particular response choices?Since management can influence the SAD processes, question three is likely to be of more interest than question two. However, if we only look at the direct relationship between SAD processes and effectiveness (I. E. , Dean & Sherman, 1 996), we might be attributing differences in effectiveness to process variation when these variations did not actually influence choices. Thus, we need to adequately discern which SAD processes are more effective in these situations and produce the most effective o utcomes.Addressing these questions helps to clarify the integrated influences of process and choice on strategic decision-making effectiveness. This paper proceeds as follows 1) We review related research on SAD, and leverage prior theory to develop hypotheses for an integrated process-choice-effectiveness SAD model 2) We examine the model and hypotheses through empirical analysis of data from a crisis response training exercise using an agent-based simulation decision support system technology 3) We present and discuss the results Of our analyses in relation to the model and hypotheses Copyright C 2010, GIG Global.Copying or distributing in print or electronic September 201 0 3 and 4) We conclude with a discussion of our findings along with implications for practitioners and forthcoming academic research. Theory development Prior work by Dean and Sherman (1 993, 1 996) offers an integrated decision-making model, for framing this study of SAD process-cooperativenesss. Their work ex amines the assumptions underlying the relationship between decision- making processes, response choices, and SAD effectiveness.The model proposes that variation in decision-making process (political or rational) will produce different espouse choices, which result in variation in SAD effectiveness. However, empirical testing of their model is limited to the relationship between political and rational decision-making processes and variation in effectiveness alone, excluding the intermediate response choice variable.As the potential mediating implications of the response choice intermediate variable are thereby unexamined, we extend and examine Dean and Chairmans (1996) model to clarify the conflicting arguments in the prior SAD literature. We do this through examining the full model with the inclusion of the mediating allegations of response choice through our application to an extreme decision-making context (crisis response).Our approach is as follows 1) We extend Dean and Chairman s (1996) strategic decision-making relationship and effectiveness model of variation in process, response choice, and effectiveness by expanding their effectiveness model to include the potential mediating effects of intermediate choices and 2) We then examine the competing arguments for process effectiveness in this context from Frederickson and Mitchell (1 984), Bourgeois and Eisenhower (1988), and Hart (1992).In Dean and Chairmans (1996) model variation in the strategic decision-making process (e. G. , Political or Rational approaches) produce variation in response choice, resulting in variation in effectiveness. The effectiveness outcomes therefore depend on the following 1 ) The strategic decision-making process utilized, and 2) The response strategy choices implemented.In order to clarify the conflicting dominant arguments in the literature for process effectiveness under uncertainty, as well as test the theorized mediating role of choice, we develop several base-line hypothes es to be ugly consistent with the previous literature. Replicating Dean and Chairmans (1996) model Hypothesis 1 Variation in strategic decommissioning process will be related to variation in effectiveness.Examining the sub elements of the implied Dean and Sherman (1996) model Hypothesis 2 Variation in strategic decommissioning process will be related to variation in response choice. Hypothesis 3 Variation in response choice will be related to variation in effectiveness. To examine the full model as proposed by Dean and Sherman (1 996), which proposes a mediating relationship but only examines the erect relationship, we distinguish between the direct effect of SAD process on effectiveness (HI ) and a mediating relationship acting through response choice.Whereas, Dean and Chairmans (1996) original model has choice as endogenous to the strategic decision-making and effectiveness relationship, we model response choice as an intermediate step and consider this as an expansion of the stra tegy decision-making and effectiveness relationship. We therefore derive hypothesis 4 to examine whether response choice has both a mediating and direct effect Examining the full Dean and Sherman (1996) model Hypothesis 4 Variation in strategic decommissioning process and variation in response choice will be related to variation in effectiveness. Copyright 0 201 0, GIG Global.Copying or distributing in print or electronic 4 International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, 2(3), 1-15, July-September 201 0 To examine the conflict in the literature regarding the inconsistency among the Frederickson and Mitchell (1984) and Bourgeois and Eisenhower (1988) propositions for uncertain and high velocity environments, as well as the Hart (1992) propositions for effectiveness by type of decision-making process, we develop hypotheses AAA and b Hypothesis AAA In highly turbulent environments, Rational decision-making processes should be positively related to effectiveness, while Poli tical decommissioning processes should not have a positive relationship with effectiveness (Bourgeois & Eisenhower, 1 988 Hart, 1992). Hypothesis b In highly turbulent environments, Rational decision-making processes should be negatively related to effectiveness, while Political decommissioning processes should have a positive relationship with effectiveness (Frederickson & Mitchell, 1984). Analytical considerations Study context Crisis events (I. E. , rude(a) disasters, terrorism, etc. Are environments characterized by varying levels of turbulence and ambiguity (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). While government organizations differ from those in the private sector, research in the management field on SAD may be applicable to government organizations dealing with crisis events. For example, the core task of organizations is the creation and/or maintenance of a fit between the organizations internal strengths and capabilities and the demands placed on them by their e nvironments. Government organizations must also draw upon unique resources and capabilities across various departments and levels of government to respond to challenges in their environments.Similarly, the levels of turbulence and ambiguity present in a government agency operating environment may also be direct contributors to the difficulties inherent to SAD in these contexts. The nature of the environmental pressure, turbidity, and outcome implications make this a unique and challenging operating environment. Prior related work on this topic from other fields includes the development of homeland defense strategy for the White House (KUDUS, 2004), the modeling of disease outbreaks (Ravager & Longing, 1985 Kurd & Hare, 2001 Kaplan, craft, & win, 2002, 2003 Bank, Gull, Kumar, Marathon, Cravings, Tutorial, & Wang, 2004 Craft, Win, & Wilkins, 2005).Further uses have included numerous academic, government, and practitioner publications on epidemiological, terrorism response, and homelan d security and defense strategies (Deutsche, 1 963 Hoffman, 1981 Hugh & Selves, 2002 Ramirez-Marquee & Afar, 2009). Sample data We test our model and hypotheses using data collected from a multi-step approach consisting of an experiment (a U. S. Department of Homeland Security training exercise called Measured Response (MR.)) in conjunction with an intelligent agent-based simulation. We use this data to examine the extended Dean and Sherman (1996) model and the associated hypotheses for variation in SAD process, choice, and effectiveness. We use a computational experimentation methodological approach to do this.This approach consists of two steps 1) Using a validated survey instrument to collect data on strategy process and choice from a lab experiment with actual practitioners grouped into several response teams and 2) An intelligent agent-based simulation utilized in the exercise to produce data on the effectiveness of the groups SAD processes and response choices. We test Our mod el and its hypotheses through empirical analysis of a sub sample of 268 combined observations from the survey and simulation data collected from the exercise. Copyright C 201 0, GIG Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic September 2010 5 Measured Response Exercise.The MR. Homeland Security training exercise consisted of nine teams of human agents comprised of three to five individuals each (representing their actual functional responsibilities in most asses) to play the roles of the Departments of Homeland Security (DISH), Health and Human Services (DISH), and Transportation (EDT) at the local, state, and federal levels. These human agents operated in a Joint Operations Center environment where they were able to execute a variety of decisions and respond interactively to changes in the simulated environment throughout the exercise. Simulation Model. The Measured Response training exercise utilizes a synthetic environment as the decision support system technology for the exercise. This system uses a dynamic virtual computer simulation environment to simulate the outbreak ND dispersion of a biological agent on a mid-sized city in the United States. This outbreak affects tens of thousands of computer-based intelligent agents.These agents approximate the diversity of behavioral characteristics and demographics of the actual modeled population for the city. Additionally, we utilized pathogen-specific data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the simulation model to ensure the attack takes place in a realistic manner on the virtual population of intelligent agents. Further, the organizational aspects of the simulation model incorporate data from actual DISH and CDC response plans. The simulated scenario therefore replicates the actual characteristics Of a real-world attack in which the decommissioning process and response strategy choice can significantly affect outcomes in terms of infection rate, contagion spread, population death rate, an d public mood.Given these factors, these types of decision support system technologies offer a rich and dynamic simulation environment, which largely alleviates the common concerns previously associated with using simplistic homegrown or off-the-shelf simulation tools in academic research (Linebacker et al. , 2009 Mustachios & Susann, 2009). Specifically, our training exercise utilizes thousands of different participant decisions on a variety of teams, at multiple levels, which affect thousands of computerized agents who respond dynamically to the collective participant inputs, as well as each agents response behavior to the inputs (See Structured, Meta, & ornerier, 2005 Harrison, Line, Carroll, & Carrey, 2007 for more detail on simulation modeling).

Belonging: The Perks of Being a Wallflower Essay

The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a set of fictional diary entries written by Stephen Chbosky. Charlie is the adolescent narrator who is in his tenth division of high schooling. Charlie decides to write anonymous letters to some ane simply because he wants someone to listen and to not question his thoughts. The letters began after his only booster dose Michael committed suicide. Not belong to a community apprise cause alienation and marginalisation. When Charlie started High School, he knew nobody. Starting at a new school shortly after his best friend died contributed to Charlies rational thoughts. Some kids look at me strange in the hallways because I dont coiffe my locker, and Im the one who beat up Sean and started crying about it after he did it. The reflective tone and accumulation explain to the audience why he does not belong to a group deep down his school community. A couple of weeks into school, he met a senior named Patrick during shop class.At the Saturday football match Charlie and Patrick recognised each other and slowly began to develop a relationship. The nice thing about Big Boy was the fact that Patrick and Sam didnt throw around inside jokes to make me feel equivalent an outsider. The euphoric quote recognises how relationships can form a sense of belong and how they collapse the ability to improve someones happiness. Belonging is often the result of sharing common values. In result of Sam (Patricks sister) having such an outgoing personality, Charlie began to diddle about their simular interests. Sam and I began to really get along, just interchangeable Harold and Maude in the book Mr Anderson just asked me to read. The simile helps identify their relationship and indicate that this may develop during the book. Throughout the book, Charlie grows closer to Patrick and Sam. While trying to belong to a new community, he starts to understand that there are many secrets that great deal hide from the surface to avoid judgement. At the formal after party, Charlie saw Brad and Patrick making out. When Brad saw Charlie he reacted negatively in a dramatic way. WHAT IS HE DOING HERE? the capital letters and question mark express to the reader how embarrassed Brad was.After two weeks Patrick explained to Charlie why Brad reacted the way he did. Brad was the in the football, and therefore was stereotyped by the whole school. Brad was so embarrassed that he would only be affectionate with Patrick behind closed doors, at parties, while he was either drunk or stoned. Brads parents then sent him away to rehabilitation for the summer to submerge getting stoned and/or drunk on a regular basis. After he returned, he barely even looked at Patrick. I asked Patrick if he felt sad that he had to keep it a secret, and Patrick just said that he wasnt sad because at least now, Brad doesnt crap to get drunk or stoned to make love. The deep emotional tone incorporated by Patrick emphasises his care for how others feel. Brad and Patr icks relationship demonstrates how belonging to a particular group and culture can prevent individuality. In the conclusion of the book, Charlie starts to lose control over his emotions.Belonging to a group can bring support in times of need to help overcome life barriers. After Charlie passed out in Sams arms, he had a dream where his Aunt Helen was still alive. Everything was in slow motion. The sound was thick. And she was doing what Sam was doing. The visually, auditory imagery and short sentences explains to the reader the truth in his relationship with his Aunt. During the number 1 of the book Charlie had a sexually dream of Sam on top of him, and now he was having the same about his aunt. She sexually assaulted her nephew during her last months before transition away. This quote clarifies why Charlie is so emotional troubled and contently blacks-out when he overwhelms himself with emotions. Youre my best friend, was all I could say in return. She kissed my check, and for a moment it was like the bad part last night didnt happen. The contrast from last night and how he was feeling now emphasises the dramatic effects of relationships.Stephen Chbosky explores the aspects of belonging throughout The Perks of Being a Wallflower. The sense of not belonging, belonging to a group, former on ones identity and being allowed to express yourself within a culture was explored constantly while incorporating many obstacles for each character. b) Compare both Strictly dance hall and the Perks of Being a Wallflower Strictly dance palace is a film production directed by Baz Luhrmann. Luhrmann focuses on film techniques when emphasising the belonging aspects in his film, while Chbosky focuses on literally techniques. During the opening scenes of Strictly Ballroom, the briny character Scott, demonstrates his fear and need to express himself artistically. Scott belonging to the ballroom community repressed his individuality which made over coming obstacles very difficul t for Scott.Fran was one who shared a common interest and gave Scott courage to express his individuality through his artistic ability. Close-ups were used to show Scotts frustration and anger in not understanding why he cannot dance his way. In complete contrast Charlie in Perks of Being a Wallflower maintains his identity, but does not hold in with a group because of how different he is. In the State championships Scott had the opportunity to dance with Fran and show the audience his ability. Barry Fife is the Machiavellian character who uses his persuasive techniques and power to locate obstacles in Scotts path.Patrick and Brad in Perks of Being a Wallflower also are thrown many obstacles by the community. Brad is like Scott and is too frightened to show their personal identity. In the denouement of Strictly Ballroom Scott and Fran finally have the ability and courage to stand up the Barry Fife and the Ballroom community to show their ability and dance the way they think is righ t. Quick editing, close ups and non-diabetic music was used in this scene to maintain eagerness and hope for Scott and Fran. Charlie stays true to himself throughout the story and comes to terms with all the traumatising events in his life that have caused him to have mental problems.

Successful Leadership Leads to a Successful Business

Quality of leadership has become a major focus of almost all business in America today. Extensive research and analysis of this aspect of management has led to many insightful books on effective leadership. One such(prenominal) book is C. A. OConners Successful leadership. OConner discusses this complicated subject by breaking it up into seven major aras. These fields argon developing awareness, rationality people, source and authority, communication, decision making, creating a vision, and taking charge. Through these seven areas, OConner gives valu competent skills in becoming an effective leader.Before an someone can go about incorporating the seven major areas of leadership he must first learn followership. Through following, he realizes non plainly the importance of a leader that looks later on the needs of his supporters, but as well the need for supporters that contribute to the leaders success. In any group or team where leadership is present, these two aspects are complimentary. standardised wise, the skills of leadership and followership are also complimentary. An individual cannot develop his leadership skills without having developed his followership skills first.Followers learn the importance that teamwork, cohesiveness, and subordination have in the execution of goals. Additionally, when an individual does obtain a leadership position, the experience he gains in following provides a basis to make better decisions. The first major area of leadership is developing self-awareness. In developing self-awareness, one must first obtain the assessment of others. A major source of this assessment is feedback. Careful wariness to attitudes, comments and performance of surmounts offer great insight into the effectiveness of a leader.Listening to thoughts and opinions of fellow leaders is another major source. Honesty is the key to both sources of instruction in that the individual must not disregard negative aspects of his own leadership qualities. He must realize his own faults and shortcomings. The second step in self-awareness is to create a features list. A features list is done by the leader himself and is made up of at least 5 legal leadership traits and at least five bad ones. A leaders inability to come up with five or more traits in either course of study means a severe lack of self-awareness.The purpose of the features list is to keep the leader aware of his own qualities. As the individual develops as a leader, he should continuously create cutting features lists to ensure his own self-awareness. Once the individual has accurately assessed his own qualities, it is then time to implement emendments. A plan of consummation is the basis of this implementation. The plan should include creating a list of goals that enhance good qualities and make changes to bad ones. The leader must then make strides in realizing these goals.Like the features list, the individuals plan of action should change as he devel ops as a leader. The close area of leadership is understanding people. It is essential that a leader understand that each of his subordinates is different, with different drives, dreams, and ambitions. To classify subordinates into a particular group is to deprive them of their individuality and ignore their particular needs. Understanding each subordinates needs is the key to motivating them. In assessing the needs of subordinates, a leader must be able to recognize what level each individual is on in Maslows hierarchy of needs.The hierarchy of needs is divided into five levels the need for food, clothing, and shelter personal safety and a source of income family, friends, and care relationships self-confidence, creativity and individual achievement meaning and purpose. In determining the level at which an individual is on, the leader can then help that individual in ascending to the next. The outcome is improved performance on the part of the worker. piece of music this is not the only form of motivating people, it is the most effective in pine term pauperism.Put more practically, a leader can motivate an individuals performance not only by explaining the advantages to the lodge, but also the advantages to that individuals job security and advancement. By nature, humans seek to attain a better quality of life. For this reason, another effective form of motivation is rewarding. Individuals pay attention to doing a job well when they have personal interests as a result of the outcome. The job becomes beneficial to their own profits and not just the companys. Balancing the use of rewards is very important.Too many offers of rewards result in disappointment and lack of motivation when one is not offered. Leaders must realize that rewards are only temporary forms of motivation that are not successful in long term leadership. The difficult labour of managing power and authority is the third area of successful leadership. While understanding the authority of his position, a leader must also be open to the thoughts and ideas of his subordinates. Disregard for opinions is a sign of a weak leader who is afraid of being undermined and therefor hides behind his power.Leaders express leadership through three basic leadership styles democratic, autocratic, and permissive. The democratic style of leadership is based on a mutual respect and treating everyone equal, regardless of seniority or position. The leader still maintains authority, but others are able to be active participants in finding solutions to problems. Autocratic leadership provides a strong, undisputed style of leadership that is effective when dealing with controversial issues. While distinctly defining goals and expectations, the autocratic style of leadership often results in a leader overpowering subordinates which leads to dissension.The permissive style of leadership is described as being a weak attempt at democratic leadership. Subordinates whose leaders have adopted thi s style of leadership end up with poor coordination, direction, and guidance. In delegating particular tasks, effective leaders leave alone follow a basic format of assignment. Rather then just handing a subordinate a task with the words do this attached to it, a good leader will define the task, discussing in detail the aspects of it, show why it is important and clearly state any expectations. In doing this the worker has a personal commitment and clear understanding of the importance of the task.Finally, the leader will evaluate and discuss the results of the task with that worker, providing feedback for that worker to improve himself. One of the most vital areas in successful leadership is communication. The most basic form of communication is listening and speaking. This involves not only the exchange of spoken words, but also close attention to body language and tone. This attention allows good listeners to sort of read between the words and richly understand the speakers me ssage. Effective speakers take time to prepare what they intend to say, giving careful thought to what it is they are attempting to convey.There are five main features to effective communication. These features are often referred to as social skills. The first involves having a purpose for communication. This aids in guiding the exchange of information and avoids trivial or irrelevant communication. The next feature is a clear and logical exchange with directness and confidence. The third feature is appropriateness. The presentation of the information must hold back the needs of the situation. In other words, choosing the format of delivery (i. e. mail, telephone, person-to-person interaction, etc. that is appropriate to the nature of the information.The forth feature is control. The leader must be able to exhibit self-discipline and restrain from over communicating. An example of this is allowing subordinates to learn tasks without intervention, creating an effective learning env ironment for the worker and not a micro-managed one. The last feature of communication is the ability to learn. Even the best communicators have room for improvement. Leaders must never be satisfied in their communication skills and continuously make efforts to improve them.Decision making is the next area of successful leadership. Leaders can be forced to make several decisions at the same time, making them to rate these decisions based on two criteria proximo importance and current prod. Future importance refers to the long term decisions that may seem insignificant presently, but will greatly impact the company in the long run. Making future importance decisions usually requires a great deal of analysis and planning. Current urgency decisions may seem extremely important at the time, but in actuality are not terribly relevant to the success of the company.In either case, future importance or current urgent, an effective leader makes these decisions with confidence and concern for his subordinates. The complications of decision making can often be made easier through good goal setting. In setting a challenging yet attainable goal, the leader gives solid direction to his department and sets clear objectives. From there, many decisions can be based on whether or not the consequences will help in realizing these goals. These goals offer basic guidance, eliminating irrelevant options. Even with the establishment of goals to guide in decision making, tackling a major decision can be very difficult.It is best for the leader to approach these decisions methodically, using a systematic approach of dealing with it. initiative the leader must establish what the primary and secondary requirements of the decision are and prioritize them. From there, he begins to consider every possible solution and tries to find new ones. Finally, through assessment of the first two steps, the leader chooses the best alternative based what he has come up with. This process can be u tilize by the individual leader or be opened up for use of the entire workgroup in a more democratic leadership environment.The next area in successful leadership is creating a vision. A vision is an ultimate goal, usually rather universal, that gives overall direction to the company and its employees. The result is structured action that steers generally in the same direction. It is the difficult task of a leader to create and maintain this vision as a guiding precipitate in day to day decisions. He must be aware of the sometimes ever changing big picture as seen by the interests of the company and ensure that the vision is in line with that picture. The final area in successful leadership is taking charge.This involves utilizing all of the first six steps and fully applying them to personal leadership development. It also emphasizes the importance of taking charge of leadership qualities that are already there and maximizing their potential. The leader must draw on experience t o guide in decisions on how to lead. People are not born leaders. They become leaders through implementing these seven areas into their lives. A good leader must be able to fail and bounce back, learn from experience, and admit their own limitations. This along with a desire to learn and a drive to apprehend goals create the leader.